This rule applies only when the language is clear. If a literal reading leads to absurdity or defeats the purpose of the act, courts must look further. 2. The Golden Rule (Modifying the Literal Rule)
In such cases, the court will modify or alter the plain meaning just enough to prevent the absurdity, but no further. It essentially harmonizes the text to preserve the logical intent of the legislature. 3. The Mischief Rule (Purposive Construction) principles of statutory interpretation gp singh
Where general words follow specific words of a distinct category, the general words must be confined to things of the same kind as those specified. This rule applies only when the language is clear
If the language is plain, the court must apply it as written, even if the result seems unjust. The Golden Rule (Modifying the Literal Rule) In
Singh’s work is famous for its detailed categorization of "Aids to Construction":
Though historically given little weight, Singh acknowledges their modern relevance in resolving immediate syntax ambiguities. External Aids
Debates, committee reports (such as Law Commission Reports), and the Statement of Objects and Reasons accompanying a Bill can be used to understand the historical background and the "mischief" aimed at, though they cannot be used to interpret the literal text directly.